Every time you go to make bread, you will use some portion of the starter. You'll need the starter to be at peak height—doubled—when you use it, so you'll need to feed it in advance (several hours before). Recipes will specify how much to feed.
- Once the starter is healthy and doubles in 5–6 hours, it's ready for maintenance mode. After a feeding, let it sit at room temperature for about 1 hour, then put it in the fridge. You can ignore it until you're ready to make bread next, though often people will not wait more than one week. Truth is, a starter can sit in the fridge for a quite long time and be easily revived.
- If you are not making bread or otherwise using the starter, and it's been about a week, it's time to feed. You can probably let it go longer than a week at a time, but a week is generally a good amount of time. Take the starter out of the fridge and let sit at room temperature for about 1 hour. (If you are making bread, see below.)
- Discard all but about 100 g of starter, then feed it 100 g all-purpose flour and 100 ml water. You could even maintain just about 50 g (or even less!) but I'm most comfortable having a nice amount in reserve, so I do 100/100/100. (King Arthur Flour recommends 113/113/113.) Let sit for about 1 hour before returning to the fridge.
A note about discarding: If I am feeding my starter just to put back in the fridge, I will discard and then feed. But if I am making bread that day, I rarely discard any, especially if I'm making a large batch and the amount of starter I'll need is well over the amount I've been storing. I just put the entire amount of starter into a bowl, and feed it an equal amount of water and flour to reach the total needed. (But note--and this will read like nonsense until you do it--I do not feed it the same amount of flour and water as the amount of starter. I calculate the difference between the amount of starter i need and the amount I have, then divide the difference by two. So I feed it equal amounts of flour and water, but all 3 values are not equal.)
Another note about discarding: Just because it's called "discard" doesn't mean it needs to be thrown away! Put it into delicious foods that make use of discard, such as sourdough crackers, sourdough pancakes, and more. King Arthur has a few suggestions on what you can make with the discard.